Dunders

Class

Dunder Method	Description
`__init__`	Initializes a newly created instance of the class.
`__str__`	Returns a string representation of the class instance.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the class instance for debugging.
`__eq__`	Compares two class instances for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two class instances for inequality using the `!=` operator.

Function

Dunder Method	Description
`__call__`	Allows the function to be called as if it were a regular function.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the function.
`__doc__`	Returns the docstring associated with the function.

Iterator

Dunder Method	Description
`__iter__`	Returns the iterator object itself.
`__next__`	Retrieves the next item from the iterator.

Context Manager

Dunder Method	Description
`__enter__`	Returns the context manager itself or an object related to the context.
`__exit__`	Defines the behavior when exiting the context manager.

Generator

Dunder Method	Description
`__iter__`	Returns the generator object itself.
`__next__`	Retrieves the next generated value from the generator.

List

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of items in the list.
`__getitem__`	Allows indexing and slicing of the list.
`__setitem__`	Allows assignment to specific indices of the list.
`__delitem__`	Allows deletion of specific indices from the list.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the list.
`__contains__`	Checks if an item is present in the list.
`__add__`	Allows concatenation of two lists using the `+` operator.
`__mul__`	Allows replication of the list using the `*` operator.
`__eq__`	Compares two lists for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two lists for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two lists for less than using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two lists for greater than using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two lists for less than or equal to using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two lists for greater than or equal to using the `>=` operator.

String

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the length of the string.
`__getitem__`	Allows indexing and slicing of the string.
`__setitem__`	Raises an error as strings are immutable.
`__delitem__`	Raises an error as strings are immutable.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the string.
`__contains__`	Checks if a substring is present in the string.
`__add__`	Concatenates two strings using the `+` operator.
`__mul__`	Replicates the string using the `*` operator.
`__eq__`	Compares two strings for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two strings for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two strings lexicographically using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two strings lexicographically using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two strings lexicographically using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two strings lexicographically using the `>=` operator.

Tuple

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of items in the tuple.
`__getitem__`	Allows indexing and slicing of the tuple.
`__setitem__`	Raises an error as tuples are immutable.
`__delitem__`	Raises an error as tuples are immutable.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the tuple.
`__contains__`	Checks if an item is present in the tuple.
`__add__`	Concatenates two tuples using the `+` operator.
`__mul__`	Replicates the tuple using the `*` operator.
`__eq__`	Compares two tuples for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two tuples for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two tuples lexicographically using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two tuples lexicographically using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two tuples lexicographically

using the <= operator. __ge__ | Compares two tuples lexicographically using the >= operator.

Dictionary

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of key-value pairs in the dictionary.
`__getitem__`	Allows accessing a value by key using indexing.
`__setitem__`	Allows assigning a value to a key in the dictionary.
`__delitem__`	Allows deleting a key-value pair from the dictionary.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the dictionary keys.
`__contains__`	Checks if a key is present in the dictionary.
`__eq__`	Compares two dictionaries for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two dictionaries for inequality using the `!=` operator.

Set

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of elements in the set.
`__contains__`	Checks if an element is present in the set.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the set.
`__eq__`	Compares two sets for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two sets for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Checks if the set is a proper subset of another set using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Checks if the set is a proper superset of another set using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Checks if the set is a subset of another set using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Checks if the set is a superset of another set using the `>=` operator.

File

Dunder Method	Description
`__enter__`	Returns a context manager for the file.
`__exit__`	Defines the behavior when exiting the context manager.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for reading lines from the file.

Integer

Dunder Method	Description
`__add__`	Performs addition with another integer using the `+` operator.
`__sub__`	Performs subtraction with another integer using the `-` operator.
`__mul__`	Performs multiplication with another integer using the `*` operator.
`__divmod__`	Performs division with another integer and returns both quotient and remainder using the `divmod()` function.
`__pow__`	Performs exponentiation with another integer using the `**` operator.
`__eq__`	Compares two integers for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two integers for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two integers for less than using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two integers for greater than using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two integers for less than or equal to using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two integers for greater than or equal to using the `>=` operator.

Decimal

Dunder Method	Description
`__add__`	Performs addition with another decimal using the `+` operator.
`__sub__`	Performs subtraction with another decimal using the `-` operator.
`__mul__`	Performs multiplication with another decimal using the `*` operator.
`__truediv__`	Performs division with another decimal using the `/` operator.
`__floordiv__`	Performs floor division with another decimal using the `//` operator.
`__mod__`	Performs modulus (remainder) operation with another decimal using the `%` operator.
`__pow__`	Performs exponentiation with another decimal using the `**` operator.
`__eq__`	Compares two decimals for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two decimals for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two decimals for less than using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two decimals for greater than using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two decimals for less than or equal to using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two decimals for greater than or equal to using the `>=` operator.

Date

Dunder Method	Description
`__str__`	Returns a string representation of the date.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the date for debugging.
`__eq__`	Compares two dates for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two dates for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two dates for less than using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two dates for greater than using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two dates for less than or equal to using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two dates for greater than or equal to using the `>=` operator.

Time

Dunder Method	Description
`__str__`	Returns a string representation of the time.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the time for debugging.
`__eq__`	Compares two times for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two times for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two times for less than using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two times for greater than using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two times for less than or equal to using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two times for greater than or equal to using the `>=` operator.

Datetime

Dunder Method	Description
`__str__`	Returns a string representation of the datetime.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the datetime for debugging.
`__eq__`	Compares two datetimes for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two datetimes for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two datetimes for less than using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two datetimes for greater than using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two datetimes for less than or equal to using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two dat

Regular Expression

Dunder Method	Description
`__init__`	Initializes a regular expression pattern.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the regular expression pattern.
`__str__`	Returns a string representation of the regular expression pattern.
`__eq__`	Compares two regular expression patterns for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two regular expression patterns for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__match__`	Matches the regular expression pattern against a string from the start.
`__search__`	Searches for the regular expression pattern in a string.
`__findall__`	Finds all occurrences of the regular expression pattern in a string.
`__finditer__`	Returns an iterator yielding match objects for all occurrences of the regular expression pattern in a string.

Enum

Dunder Method	Description
`__str__`	Returns a string representation of the enum member.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the enum member for debugging.
`__eq__`	Compares two enum members for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two enum members for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two enum members for less than using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two enum members for greater than using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two enum members for less than or equal to using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two enum members for greater than or equal to using the `>=` operator.

Bytes

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of bytes in the bytes object.
`__getitem__`	Allows indexing of the bytes object.
`__setitem__`	Allows assignment to specific indices of the bytes object.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the bytes object.
`__contains__`	Checks if a byte value is present in the bytes object.
`__add__`	Concatenates two bytes objects using the `+` operator.
`__mul__`	Replicates the bytes object using the `*` operator.
`__eq__`	Compares two bytes objects for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two bytes objects for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two bytes objects lexicographically using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two bytes objects lexicographically using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two bytes objects lexicographically using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two bytes objects lexicographically using the `>=` operator.

Range

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of items in the range.
`__getitem__`	Allows indexing of the range.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the range.
`__contains__`	Checks if a value is present in the range.
`__eq__`	Compares two ranges for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two ranges for inequality using the `!=` operator.

Complex

Dunder Method	Description
`__abs__`	Returns the absolute value (magnitude) of the complex number.
`__add__`	Performs addition with another complex number using the `+` operator.
`__sub__`	Performs subtraction with another complex number using the `-` operator.
`__mul__`	Performs multiplication with another complex number using the `*` operator.
`__truediv__`	Performs division with another complex number using the `/` operator.
`__eq__`	Compares two complex numbers for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two complex numbers for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__str__`	Returns a string representation of the complex number.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the complex number for debugging.

bytearray

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of elements in the bytearray.
`__getitem__`	Allows indexing of the bytearray.
`__setitem__`	Allows assignment to specific indices of the bytearray.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the bytearray.
`__contains__`	Checks if a value is present in the bytearray.
`__add__`	Concatenates two bytearrays using the `+` operator.
`__mul__`	Replicates the bytearray using the `*` operator.
`__eq__`	Compares two bytearrays for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two bytearrays for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Compares two bytearrays lexicographically using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Compares two bytearrays lexicographically using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Compares two bytearrays lexicographically using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Compares two bytearrays lexicographically using the `>=` operator.

memoryview

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of elements in the memoryview.
`__getitem__`	Allows indexing of the memoryview.
`__setitem__`	Allows assignment to specific indices of the memoryview.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the memoryview.
`__contains__`	Checks if a value is present in the memoryview.
`__eq__`	Compares two memoryviews for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two memoryviews for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__str__`	Returns a string representation of the memoryview.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the memoryview for debugging.

frozenset

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of elements in the frozenset.
`__contains__`	Checks if an element is present in the frozenset.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the frozenset.
`__eq__`	Compares two frozensets for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two frozensets for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Checks if the frozenset is a proper subset of another frozenset using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Checks if the frozenset is a proper superset of another frozenset using the `>` operator.
`__le__`

| Checks if the frozenset is a subset of another frozenset using the <= operator. __ge__ | Checks if the frozenset is a superset of another frozenset using the >= operator.

Set

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of elements in the set.
`__contains__`	Checks if an element is present in the set.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the set.
`__eq__`	Compares two sets for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two sets for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Checks if the set is a proper subset of another set using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Checks if the set is a proper superset of another set using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Checks if the set is a subset of another set using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Checks if the set is a superset of another set using the `>=` operator.
`__add__`	Performs set union with another set using the `+` operator.
`__sub__`	Performs set difference with another set using the `-` operator.
`__and__`	Performs set intersection with another set using the `&` operator.
`__or__`	Performs set union with another set using the `
`__xor__`	Performs set symmetric difference with another set using the `^` operator.

FrozenSet

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of elements in the frozenset.
`__contains__`	Checks if an element is present in the frozenset.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the frozenset.
`__eq__`	Compares two frozensets for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two frozensets for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__lt__`	Checks if the frozenset is a proper subset of another frozenset using the `<` operator.
`__gt__`	Checks if the frozenset is a proper superset of another frozenset using the `>` operator.
`__le__`	Checks if the frozenset is a subset of another frozenset using the `<=` operator.
`__ge__`	Checks if the frozenset is a superset of another frozenset using the `>=` operator.

Dict

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of key-value pairs in the dictionary.
`__getitem__`	Allows indexing of the dictionary using keys.
`__setitem__`	Allows assignment of values to keys in the dictionary.
`__delitem__`	Allows deletion of keys and their corresponding values from the dictionary.
`__contains__`	Checks if a key is present in the dictionary.
`__iter__`	Returns an iterator object for the keys of the dictionary.
`__eq__`	Compares two dictionaries for equality using the `==` operator.
`__ne__`	Compares two dictionaries for inequality using the `!=` operator.
`__str__`	Returns a string representation of the dictionary.
`__repr__`	Returns a string representation of the dictionary for debugging.

DefaultDict

Dunder Method	Description
`__len__`	Returns the number of key-value pairs in the defaultdict.
`__getitem__`	Allows indexing of the defaultdict using keys.
`__setitem__`	Allows assignment of values to keys in the defaultdict.
`__delitem__`	Allows deletion of keys

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